電力品質改善、能源儲存與電力供應的穩定度

在我們電力網路內的非線性消費者長期地增加，因此導致產生了"網路雜質"。我們談論網路擾動就像是我們在談論關於環境中水和空氣的汙染一樣。在理想狀態下，電廠發電機從輸出端可以產生出純竇狀電流。竇狀電壓狀態就像是交流電流的理想狀態，任何偏離狀態形式可以被視為一種網路擾動。來自網路有愈來愈多的消費者會造成非竇狀電流狀態。在大範圍的諧波頻率中，這些受汙染電流的FFT快速傅立葉轉換通常就是被稱之為諧波。

電力品質改善、能源儲存與電力供應的穩定度

在我們電力網路內的非線性消費者長期地增加，因此導致產生了"網路雜質"。我們談論網路擾動就像是我們在談論關於環境中水和空氣的汙染一樣。在理想狀態下，電廠發電機從輸出端可以產生出純竇狀電流。竇狀電壓狀態就像是交流電流的理想狀態，任何偏離狀態形式可以被視為一種網路擾動。來自網路有愈來愈多的消費者會造成非竇狀電流狀態。在大範圍的諧波頻率中，這些受汙染電流的FFT快速傅立葉轉換通常就是被稱之為諧波。

Improvement of power quality, energy savings and stabilisation of the power supply

The permanently increasing number of non-linear consumers in our electricity networks cause rising “network impurities”. We talk about network perturbations in a similar way to the way we talk about the environment with its water and air pollution. In an ideal situation, the generators in a power plant produce a pure sinus-shaped current from the output terminal. This sinus-shaped voltage form is regarded as the ideal form of alternating current and any deviation from this form is described as a network perturbations. More and more consumers take a non-sinus-shaped current from the network. The FFT fast-fouriertransformation of these polluted currents results in a wide range of harmonic frequencies which are usually referred to as harmonics.

諧波對於電力網路是有害的，甚至有時候會造成危險。已連結的消費者將要承受如同不純淨的水對於人體的不健康影響一樣。這結果通常是過載、減少生命週期並且在某些情況下造成電力和電力消費者的提早失效。諧波過載是電力品質問題的主要原因，像是巨大維護成本和有缺陷設備替換的投資。過多的網路擾動與差勁的電力品質會造成生產過程的問題，也會造成生產停頓的下場。

諧波對於電力網路是有害的，甚至有時候會造成危險。已連結的消費者將要承受如同不純淨的水對於人體的不健康影響一樣。這結果通常是過載、減少生命週期並且在某些情況下造成電力和電力消費者的提早失效。諧波過載是電力品質問題的主要原因，像是巨大維護成本和有缺陷設備替換的投資。過多的網路擾動與差勁的電力品質會造成生產過程的問題，也會造成生產停頓的下場。

Harmonics are damaging to electrical networks and can sometimes be dangerous. Connected consumers can suffer in a way which is similar to the unhealthy effect impure water has on the human body. This results in overload, reduced lifespan and under some circumstances can even lead to premature failure of electrical and electronic consumers. Harmonics overloads are the main cause of invisible power quality problems with enormous maintenance costs and investments for the replacement of defective equipments. Excessive network perturbations and the resulting poor power quality can also lead to problems in production processes and can even result in production stoppages.

該如何改善您的電力品質？

對於非線性消費者造成的諧波電流限制，有各種不同的解決方案可以用來改善電力品質。

該如何改善您的電力品質？

對於非線性消費者造成的諧波電流限制，有各種不同的解決方案可以用來改善電力品質。

What can you do to improve your power quality?

There are different solutions for the restriction of harmonic currents which are caused by non-linear consumers which can therefore contribute to the improvement of power quality.

I. 解調PFC 系統 (被動、解調濾波器)

被動濾波器和解調PFC 系統都是一些傳統的測量措施。在解調PFC 系統內，電力電容器能夠獨立或整體地被切換到網路上，或是依照功率因數來做調整。擁有解調因數的低通濾波器，或多或少依賴一個頻寬濾波器效果(對於高頻率來說)，透過濾波電路反應器產生，並使用串聯的方式來連接到電容器。意味著，共振的發生可以避免掉，並且某些來自網路的諧波會減少。

I. 解調PFC 系統 (被動、解調濾波器)

被動濾波器和解調PFC 系統都是一些傳統的測量措施。在解調PFC 系統內，電力電容器能夠獨立或整體地被切換到網路上，或是依照功率因數來做調整。擁有解調因數的低通濾波器，或多或少依賴一個頻寬濾波器效果(對於高頻率來說)，透過濾波電路反應器產生，並使用串聯的方式來連接到電容器。意味著，共振的發生可以避免掉，並且某些來自網路的諧波會減少。

I. De-tuned PFC systems (passive, de-tuned filter)

Passive filters and de-tuned PFC systems are some of the traditional measures. In de-tuned PFC systems, power capacitors are switched to the network individually or in groups and are regulated according to the power factor. Low-pass filters with a de-tuning factor, which is more or less dependent upon a broadband filter effect (towards high frequencies), is generated through the filter circuit reactors which are connected to the capacitor in series. This means that the occurrence of resonance is avoided and some harmonics are reduced from the network.

Janitza® 的網路優化解調PFC 系統(諧波濾波器)有以下幾項優點：

Janitza® 的網路優化解調PFC 系統(諧波濾波器)有以下幾項優點：

Network optimisation with de-tuned PFC systems (harmonic filters) from Janitza® result in the following advantages:

II. 調諧諧波濾波器

在特殊情況下，例如像是有著同步高諧波負載(如直流驅動器或ski lifts)的弱(低短路功率)網路或是能源供應公司或關鍵生產處理需要THD-U數值等狀況，意味需要著一個純淨的供電品質(例如研究中心，半導體工業、長效供應鏈...)，將可以實現更多的諧波減少遠多於解調系統管理。

在這些情況中，調諧濾波器電路也許是個解決方案。調諧濾波器電路必須適應可吸收的諧波電流，通常是第5、7、11階諧波，並表示非常低阻抗補償這些各自頻率的電流。

調諧諧波濾波器是專門為客戶而設計的解決方案，不列在標準產品之內。請直接聯繫我們的業務部門已獲得更多相關資訊。

II. 調諧諧波濾波器

在特殊情況下，例如像是有著同步高諧波負載(如直流驅動器或ski lifts)的弱(低短路功率)網路或是能源供應公司或關鍵生產處理需要THD-U數值等狀況，意味需要著一個純淨的供電品質(例如研究中心，半導體工業、長效供應鏈...)，將可以實現更多的諧波減少遠多於解調系統管理。

在這些情況中，調諧濾波器電路也許是個解決方案。調諧濾波器電路必須適應可吸收的諧波電流，通常是第5、7、11階諧波，並表示非常低阻抗補償這些各自頻率的電流。

調諧諧波濾波器是專門為客戶而設計的解決方案，不列在標準產品之內。請直接聯繫我們的業務部門已獲得更多相關資訊。

II. Tuned harmonic filters

In special cases such as in weak (low short-circuit power) networks with simultaneously high harmonic loads (e.g. DC drives or ski lifts) or in cases where the energy supply companies or critical production processes require low THD-U values, which means that a “clean” electricity quality is required (e.g. research centres, semiconductor industries, long process chains...), it may be necessary to achieve more harmonic reductions than standard de-tuned systems can manage.

Tuned filter circuits may be the solution in these cases. Tuned filter circuits are adapted to the harmonic currents which must be absorbed, usually a 5th, 7th and 11th harmonic, and represent very low impedance pathes for these currents with the respective frequencies. These currents are then”sucked off ” and the network is cleaned of damaging harmonic currents.

Tuned harmonic filters are solutions which are specific to the customer and are not listed in this catalogue as standard products. Please contact our sales department or download our “power quality” questionnaire from the internet.

III. AHFI – 主動式諧波濾波器

被動式諧波濾波器只適用在一些已經被選定的諧波做補償。根據不同的網路狀況，被動式PFC 系統趨於共振，並且可以過載。主動式諧波濾波器根據需求可以提供非線性消費者減少諧波因素並且也可提供更高的動態無功功率。主動式諧波濾波器可平行連結到斜坡產生器上。AHFI 分析非線性消費者的諧波產生範圍，提供反向諧波補償電流進入網路內。意味著相對應的諧波失真在連結點會被瓦解。

III. AHFI – 主動式諧波濾波器

被動式諧波濾波器只適用在一些已經被選定的諧波做補償。根據不同的網路狀況，被動式PFC 系統趨於共振，並且可以過載。主動式諧波濾波器根據需求可以提供非線性消費者減少諧波因素並且也可提供更高的動態無功功率。主動式諧波濾波器可平行連結到斜坡產生器上。AHFI 分析非線性消費者的諧波產生範圍，提供反向諧波補償電流進入網路內。意味著相對應的諧波失真在連結點會被瓦解。

III. AHFI – Active Harmonic Filter

Passive PFC systems are only capable of compensating a few selected harmonics. Depending upon the network conditions, passive PFC systems tend towards resonance and can become overloaded. Active harmonic filters serve the purpose of reducing harmonics caused by non-linear consumers and provide highly dynamic reactive power according to requirements. Active harmonic filters are connected parallel to the harmonic producers. The AHFI analyses the range of harmonics produced by the non-linear consumers and feeds a counter-phase harmonic compensation current into the network. This means that the corresponding harmonic distortions are neutralised at the connection point.

除了良好的過濾效果是因為有著高頻寬與AHFI的峰值電流特性，極高的動態(就是快速反應不斷變化的諧波負載)是AHFI 主動式諧波濾波器的優點之一。由於相較於被動式濾波器解決方案有較高的成本，主動式濾波器主要用於下列情況：

除了良好的過濾效果是因為有著高頻寬與AHFI的峰值電流特性，極高的動態(就是快速反應不斷變化的諧波負載)是AHFI 主動式諧波濾波器的優點之一。由於相較於被動式濾波器解決方案有較高的成本，主動式濾波器主要用於下列情況：

In addition to the good filter effect due to the high bandwidth and the excellent peak current properties of the AHFI, the extremely high dynamics (i.e. rapid reaction to changing harmonic loads) is one of the fundamental advantages of the AHFI active harmonic filter. Due to the higher costs in direct comparison with passive filter solutions, active filters are mainly used in the following cases:

實際應用類型

• 石油、天然氣與鋼鐵工業

• 水源整治

• 水泥與汽車工業

• 造紙業

• 工具機、驅動技術 (變頻器、伺服器應用、直流驅動器、直流供應)

• 焊接機

• USV 系統、計算機中心 (電腦與網路連接)

• 銀行和資料中心

• 升降梯工業、隧道供應 (通風系統)

實際應用類型

• 石油、天然氣與鋼鐵工業

• 水源整治

• 水泥與汽車工業

• 造紙業

• 工具機、驅動技術 (變頻器、伺服器應用、直流驅動器、直流供應)

• 焊接機

• USV 系統、計算機中心 (電腦與網路連接)

• 銀行和資料中心

• 升降梯工業、隧道供應 (通風系統)

Typical areas of application

• Oil, gas and steel industry

• Water treatment

• Cement and automobile industry

• Paper industry

• Tooling machines, drive technology (frequency converter, servo applications,DC drives, DC supplies)

• Welding machines

• USV systems, computer centres (computer and network connections)

• Banks and data centres

• Elevator industry, tunnel supplies (ventilation)